Year of construction and condition of real estate: defects, damage & Co. – checklist

Year of construction and condition of real estate – You want to invest in an old building? Then you need to consider a few things before buying. Old properties bring some advantages, but also disadvantages. We have compiled a brief overview of all the facts of the different construction years in comparison.

Old properties: Aging properties

The age of a property is a decisive factor when it comes to buying a property. But what are the differences and defects depending on the age and year of construction of a property? Is it worth investing in an aging house or apartment?

Purchase price and return

Older properties often have a lower purchase price and thus lower ancillary purchase costs. Thus, the return is also significantly higher than for newer houses with a high purchase price.

Maintenance costs and defects

Due to the age of the property, the running costs are significantly higher. Different years of construction have different defects, which should be taken into account during the technical inspection of a property. The better the location in which you buy, the older a property may be.

Advantages and disadvantages

Here are briefly summarized the advantages and disadvantages of buying an old property!

Advantages:

• Favorable purchase price, better return
• Costs are calculable if defects are known
• Location in grown infrastructure

Disadvantages:

• Higher costs for maintenance
• Possible hidden defects

Existing real estate: typical defects

Among the disadvantages of buying existing real estate is the occurrence of possible defects. Generally, these include mold, water damage, vermin infestation or dry rot.

Here is a brief overview of typical damage and defects:

• Building fabric: cracks in the plaster or masonry, mold
• Building services: insulation of water pipes, sometimes still lead pipe in use
• Electrical engineering: Too few sockets in the rooms or cables too thin according to old standards
• Roof: missing and slipped roof tiles (moisture penetrates) or mold infestation
• Leaky: windows, basement and roof

Checklist 1900-1999: Defects, Damage & Co.

Here you can find a list of old buildings from 1900 to 1999 and what typical defects and damages they have.

Existing properties up to 1900

Properties built before 1900 are now over 120 years old! It should come as no surprise that these properties have defects. Weather, weather and Co. have here a large influence. But also the electrical and sanitary systems can be outdated and need to be replaced urgently. Here you can find an overview of the possible defects:

Facade, insulation, roof and basement:

• Cracks in plaster and masonry
• Non-existent thermal insulation (subject of energy efficiency)
• Single glazed windows
• No sound insulation

Plumbing and electrical:

• Damp basements and attics
• Lead pipes as water supply (No longer permitted!)
• Obsolete electronic system

Existing real estate 1900 – 1939

Properties in these years also have certain defects. Here is an overview.

• Missing underlays in the roof
• Dampness in the roof & basement
• Sponge infestation of wooden beams in ceilings
• Defects of the outer walls due to too thin constructions
• Condensation problems and mold
• Lack of fire protection
• Lead pipes as water pipe

Existing real estate 1939 – 1945

These years are considered very eventful in Germany. Political changes and the Second World War took their toll on the building stock, and as a result very little new construction took place.

Overview of deficiencies due to the Second World War:

• Severe shortage of building materials
• Construction waste and miscellaneous became building material
• Pest infestation due to wrong building material
• Fast building can also cause static problems
• Cracks in the plaster or masonry
• Exterior and interior, thin walls
• Leaking gas pipes
• Lack of fire protection

Existing real estate 1945 – 1959

Properties built in the post-war period from 1945 to 1959 also have some defects due to Germany’s difficult situation.

• Lead pipes still in use (increasingly steel pipes)
• Use of questionable building materials such as asbestos and lead paint
• Lack of fire protection (fire department access, fire doors)
• Gas pipes leaking
• Vermin in the wooden ceilings
• Poor sound insulation (thin walls and wooden floors)
• Here too, cracks in the plaster or masonry

Portfolio properties 1959 – 1969

While property defect lists were relatively long before 1960, the items on the checklist already shorten considerably for post-1960 construction. Here is a brief overview:

• Single glazing
• Building materials of concern (parquet adhesives containing tar)
• Insulation harmful to health (fibers too short)
• Roof trusses not insulated
• Concrete damage to balconies and loggias

Portfolio properties 1969 – 1979

From 1970 onwards, the introduction of soundproofing and insulation requirements allowed even more deficiencies to be crossed off the list. There was also a revolution in the subject of water pipes and building efficiency

Here is the brief overview of remaining deficiencies:

• Concrete as a building material with difficulties in cold / moisture
• Already, often in need of renovation (balconies, old water pipes, heating systems).
• Parquet adhesives containing tar were still in use
• Central heating (year of construction before ’85 must be replaced)

Portfolio properties 1979 – 1999

Here you can often find a very solid stock of used building materials that do not need to be replaced.

Here are just the few defects that are present:

• Connections and terminations for flat roof
• Central heating (year of construction before ’85 must be replaced)
• Upcoming maintenance in view
• Weak insulation

More on the subject of construction defects/ Immobilien-Erfahrung.de

The next step: maximum size of your property

How big should my first condo be? Micro-apartment, 2, 3 or even more rooms? This question is answered here by comparing living space for owner-occupancy and capital investment. In general, the number of square meters and the room layout are particularly important. Everything else, you will learn here!